Tears

 

Humans and elephants are unique in their ability to produce emotional tears in response to strong emotions. 

The body and brain are always trying to achieve and maintain homeostasis. 

Crying, in general, is a natural way for the body to release stress and restore homeostasis when experiencing sadness, joy, frustration, or stress

Humans are the only creatures that cry when experiencing intense positive emotions such as joy, relief, or gratitude. This phenomenon is often linked to overwhelming feelings that arise in response to significant moments, like a happy reunion, achieving a major goal, or experiencing a beautiful or moving event. I recall tears flowing uncontrollably at the joyous wedding of a close relative. 

The exact reason for emotional crying is still debated, but some theories suggest it could be a way of expressing vulnerability or seeking social support. Crying is a non-verbal way of saying, “I need support.” When someone sees another person cry, it often activates a nurturing instinct. That’s why people tend to comfort someone who's crying, whether it’s a hug, words of reassurance, or just being there.

All tears contain enzymes, lipids, electrolytes, and metabolites. However, emotional tears also appear to contain higher levels of the following stress-related hormones and neurotransmitters

• Prolactin: A protein-based hormone, potentially involved in stress regulation. 
• Leu-enkephalin: A painkiller produced during stress, potentially helping to reduce physical and emotional pain. 
• Oxytocin: A hormone that promotes feelings of comfort and well-being. 
• Endorphins: Natural painkillers that can help reduce stress and promote a sense of calm. 
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone: A stress hormone, potentially involved in regulating stress levels. 

In general, humans are unique in their ability to produce emotional tears as part of their complex emotional expression, with elephants being one of the other well-known animals that exhibit what seems like emotional crying. Elephants have been observed shedding tears during moments of distress, such as when grieving the death of a companion or experiencing stress.